探鸟雷达已成为机场鸟击防范、风力发电场鸟击风险评估、鸟类自然保护区鸟情观测与科学研究的重要工具。文中首先论述了探鸟雷达的主要组成部分。然后,分析了地面杂波、空域杂波和其他无关目标对探鸟雷达探测效果的影响,进而介绍了传统的杂波抑制方法和相参雷达杂波抑制技术,以及先进的探鸟雷达采用的目标检测、目标跟踪、目标显示、数据记录和雷达组网等数据处理技术。接着,给出了当前的探鸟雷达能够获取的目标轨迹、回波大小、回波强度、信号波动、飞行速度、飞行高度等反映飞鸟目标特性的主要指标。最后,描述了国内外四种典型雷达探鸟系统,并针对雷达探鸟技术的未来发展提出了一些思考及可行性建议。

Avian radar has been the critical tool for airport bird avoidance, bird-strike risk assessment of wind energy farms, bird observation and scientific research of bird nature reserves. Firstly, the main components of the avian radar are discussed. Secondly, the effects of the ground clutter, the volume clutter and the other undesired targets on the avian radar detection are analyzed, and then the traditional clutter suppression methods and coherent radar clutter suppression technologies are introduced, as well as the data processing technologies of target detection, target tracking, target display, data recording and radar networking applied in advanced avian radars. Thirdly, the main indicators of target trajectory, echo size, echo strength, signal fluctuations, flight speed and altitude obtained by the avian radars are provided, reflecting the target characteristics of flying birds. Finally, in addition to the description of four typical avian radar systems at home and abroad, some thoughts and feasible suggestions are proposed for the development of avian radar technology.

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国家重点研发计划;国家自然科学基金委员会-中国民航局民航联合研究基金