以我国首颗在轨运行的反射式雷达标校卫星———天平一号A星为研究对象,通过雷达实时测量的卫星距离、方位角和俯仰角数据,推导出雷达视线角度简化计算公式,采用最小均方差法计算出天平一号A星的安装方位角,并通过对比暗室实测数据插值结果和雷达实测结果,得到雷达散射截面积(RCS)的标定修正值,实现雷达系统RCS测量值的快速标定。针对高频段雷达在RCS测量过程中出现的测量数据和标定数据符合性差的现象,提出了基于最小均方差和相关系数双判决准则的自校准方法,对暗室实测数据进行修正,进而实现高频段雷达RCS测量数据的有效标定,此方法也适用于无法获取卫星标定数据的雷达测量设备。通过基于天平一号A星RCS快速标定方法的研究,有效推动了我国多型靶场测量雷达的RCS定标和精度鉴定工作,产生了良好的经济军事效益。

The first on-orbit reflective radar calibration satellite(TianPing-1A) of China is taken as the research object, and a simplified calculation formula for the radar line-of-sight angle is derived based on the real-time satellite range, azimuth and elevation angle data measured by the radar. The installation azimuth of TianPing-1A is calculated with the minimum mean square error method,and the calibration correction value of the radar cross-section(RCS) measurement is obtained by comparing the actual measurement with the interpolation result measured in the darkroom, which realizes the rapid calibration of the RCS measurement value of the radar system. Aiming at the poor compliance of the measurement data and calibration date during the RCS measurement of high-frequency radars, a self-calibration method is proposed based on the double judgment criterion with the minimum mean square error and the correlation coefficient to correct the measured data in the darkroom to realize the effective RCS calibration of high-frequency radar. The method is also suitable for the radar that cannot obtain satellite calibration data. The research on the rapid RCS calibration method for the TianPing-1A satellite has effectively promoted the RCS calibration and accuracy evaluation for groundbased radars, and exerted good economic and military benefits.

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