携带轨道角动量的涡旋电磁波,相比于传统平面波有着独特的螺旋相位结构与模态正交特性,因而能获取更多信息,在雷达探测中受到广泛关注。轨道角动量调制带来的升维信息为新体制雷达成像提供了条件;另外,利用涡旋电磁波观测到的旋转多普勒效应,可获得平面波难以探测的垂直于距离向的运动信息,弥补了平面波雷达探测的缺陷。文中首先介绍了涡旋电磁波的基本概念、特点及常见的产生方法;然后,介绍了基于均匀圆阵的涡旋电磁波成像基本原理,简单推导了利用涡旋波进行旋转多普勒检测的基本原理,梳理了涡旋波在雷达成像和旋转多普勒检测两个应用领域的研究进展;最后,对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。

Compared with the conventional plane wave, the vortex electromagnetic wave carrying orbital angular momentum has a unique spiral phase structure and orthogonal mode characteristics to obtain more information, and thus receives extensive attention in radar detection. The new dimensional information brought by the orbital angular momentum modulation provides conditions for new system radar imaging. In addition, the rotational Doppler effect observed by vortex electromagnetic waves can obtain the movement information perpendicular to the distance direction, which is difficult to detect by plane waves, and make up the deficiency of plane wave radar detection. Basic concepts, characteristics, and common generation methods of vortex electromagnetic waves are introduced firstly. Then basic principle of vortex electromagnetic wave imaging based on a uniform circular array is introduced, and basic principle of using vortex waves for rotational Doppler detection is briefly derived, and the research progress of vortex waves in radar imaging and rotational Doppler detection is summarized. Finally, future research trends are prospected.

TN957.52