相干激光雷达采用激光本振相干探测并通过平衡探测器实现混频和共模抑制,具有探测灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强的优点。文中阐述了相干探测体制激光雷达的优势和技术特点,介绍了基于单元探测器/面阵探测器开展的合成孔径激光雷达(SAL)、逆合成孔径激光雷达(ISAL)研究进展,讨论了相干激光雷达波形选择、偏振选择、信号处理方法、扩束下的作用距离方程和探测性能、探测器形式和系统灵敏度等问题,在此基础上进一步分析了基于衍射光学系统的激光雷达的特点和激光/ 红外复合成像探测的需求,并展望了相干激光雷达的应用前景。

Coherent ladar adopts laser local oscillator coherent detection and achieves mixing and common mode rejection through balanced photodetectors, which has the advantages of high detection sensitivity and strong anti-interference ability. The advantages and technical charactristics of coherent detection ladar system are presented in this paper, and the synthetic aperture ladar (SAL) and inverse synthetic aperture ladar (ISAL) research progress based on unit-detector / array-detectors are introduced. The issues of coherent ladar waveform and polarization selection, signal processing methods, detection range equation and detection performance under beam-expanded situation, detector form and detection sensitivity are discussed. On this basis, the characteristics of ladar based on diffractive optical system and the demand for laser/ infrared composite imaging detection are further analysed. The application prospects of coherent ladar are also discussed.

TN958.98;TN215

国家自然科学基金资助项目(62371440);中科院重点项目(E03701010F)